Hoag Levins, American Sex Machines, The Hidden History of Sex at The US Patent Office (1996), Adams Media Corporation, Chapter 6 p. 73-77.

Andrea Tone, Devices and Desires A History of Contraceptives in America (2001), Hill and Wang, Chapters 1-3 and pages 104-107, 127, 177, 238, 298.

Mark West, "The Role of Sexual Repression in Anthony Comstock's Campaign to Censor Children's Dime Novels," Journal of American Culture Vol. 22, Issue 4 (Winter 1999).

Court rulings cited: Griswold vs. Connecticut 1965 and Eisenstadt vs. Baird 1972.